This study investigates the causal relationship between productivity-adjusted nominal wages of the main manufacturing industry groups such as intermediate goods, consumer durables, consumer non-durables, energy and capital goods and producer and consumer prices in Turkey during the period of 2005-2012. In addition, in this study the relationship between aggregated productivity adjusted nominal wages and producer and consumer prices are analyzed for the period of 1997-2012 in Turkish manufacturing industry. Toda-Yamamoto causality test have yielded a strong evidence for bidirectional causality between aggregated productivity-adjusted nominal wages and producer and consumer prices. In most of the industries examined the direction of causality runs from nominal wages to prices. Only in intermediate goods manufacturing bidirectional causality is found between productivity-adjusted wages and prices.

2008 Financial Crisis is one of the most greatest economic depressions that the world has encountered yet due to it's global effects. We believe that monetary policy played an imported role in alleviating the effects of the crisis in the 2008 Financial Crisis. Turkish economy had positive economic indicators before the 2008 financial crisis. So Central Bank of Turkey applied the monetary policy easily. As a result, monetary policy targeted the other economic indicators with price stability. In this process, in this process, with the start of implementation of exit strategies from the financial crisis, The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey has aimed a policy which includes price stability and financial stability. In this study, we aimed to analyze the monetary policy in the 2008 financial crisis. If we evaluate the situation according to price stability, we see that the global price increases ended up to stable inflation declines after 2001. So there has been the problem of inflation occasionally in the years of 2008-2012. Although the expansionary monetary policy, that is applied in economic recession process, Central Bank of Turkey gived successful results; the contractionary monetary policy in economic overheating process was not enough and reached success with the contribution of supportive policies of banking regulation and supervision agency. Some of the policies have been used successfully. These policies are used to mitigate the current account deficit and short term foreign capital that finance current account deficit between 2009-2011.

The evaluation and analysis of developing countries’ external debt from the economic and fiscal aspects for 1980-2010 time period is the subject of this study. The most prominent features of this period are globalization, international integration activities and the economic crises. In the same period of time, especially last ten years, important changes has been observed in developing countries’ external debt. Also in this context, with financial liberalization, it becomes difficult to define the concepts of internal and external sources. After reviewing the theoretical side of external debt in developing countries, evaluation and analysis has been made with a long-term perspective.

This paper examines the determinants of institutional investment. Firm specific characteristics, information asymmetry level and governance mechanisms are the main determinants that are included in this study. Large firms, firms with low book-to-market-ratio, firms with less leverage, firms with high level of past performance, less volatile firms and firms with high liquidity are chosen by institutional investors. They also invest in stocks which have low level of information asymmetry. Institutional investors prefer to invest in countries with high level of investment protection and strong disclosure requirements. Finally, they give importance to country level governance quality. As a result, they invest in countries with high level of governance quality.